hey all, here is a write up of what i was going to present… this is supposed to go between r. and d. let me know what you think, if it applies, if there is continuity with the rest of the project, etc etc.
nessa
_________________________
Toxic Tour Picture Slides prepared:
In the most simplest manner, the A. C. has three main categories of actors: the government, the corporations and the citizens. Each category has people who are for and against the project with motivations that are dependent on their dispositions and that have affected the project history through their actions. I will express the sum of the political interchange by telling two stories of how the politics of public spending is applied.
Officially, this project is lauded to be the most significant infrastructure project in recent history. It succeeded in bringing inter-governmental collaborators to accomplish a very complicated task. Fed, State, L.A./L.B. City, County, Ports, ACTA Board. They have all agreed that the expansion of the ports would result in positive gains for the region. They obtained funding to accomplish a herculean task. They accomplished the project and obtained significant profits to pay back the loans almost 25 years early. While the task was huge, and the steps complicated, the vision was already agreed upon. There was opposition from truckers and truck companies who stood to benefit from a weak rail infrastructure and from community advocates who wanted more investments in the community. But overall, it was a model project that is a measuring stick for other projects around the country and world.
The other story is about the little guy; like one of 30 families who live in Vernon during the evening. The average person who lives in the cities of Vernon, Huntington Park, Lynwood and Compton experiences what we can only consider terms and vocabulary on the daily.
Charters & Incorporation, Jurisdiction and Enforcement: Traveling down A. in parallel with the corridor, you experience a sharp difference between the cities and the unincorporated areas of the county. In terms of jurisdiction and enforcement, these border areas are unkempt and often unchecked for the strapped county. The results of this include blight, poor enforcement of regulation, and lawlessness. Additionally, there are differences in how each city operate and divide up the resources required to maintain themselves.
(pictures)
The existing industrial zoning is currently operating in dangerous proximity to children and families. Environmentally, much can be done to improve the production, distribution of goods on every level. The existing industrial zoning can be complemented with better mixed use projects that include tax generating commercial and safe affordable and low income housing, so that the industrial regions could be better enforced to be up to safer environmental standards.
Fiscalization of Land Use – Rezoning land for business to gain the tax. RDAs are an example of this.
(pictures)
Market supply and demand: While the rest of america pines for cheap goods, corporations are going global to find the cheapest manufacturing and importing it into our stores. While we all pay the sales taxes at the stores, the costs of import taxes are passed on to us through the price of goods and we are all subject to the tax incidence therefore we have an effect on the elasticity of the demand of these goods.
Elasticity of Demand – Related to tax incidence. Having options of demands (to buy something or not) makes it elastic of flexible. Where there are no options it is inelastic.
Tax Incidence – Who actually pays when adopting a new tax-who’s affected by it.
(pictures)
The effect of the comparative advantage can be seen in the exponential increase of activity in the ports.
Comparative Advantage – The principle behind globalization. Doing what you can do better and letting other do what they do and then trading. Basically, whoever can do a thing best should do it and then pick a trading partner who does something else better. It makes the nation stronger.
(pictures)
The ports, and the outlying communities are subject to nearly 1.3Trillion in trade that is shuttled in and out of its vicinity.
Gross Domestic Product – It’s used as a benchmark to compare against history and other nations. It’s also a measurement of goods and service produced. The US is the global leader and powerful as an economic influence. Other nations look and listen to us.
(pictures)
The A. C. is an example of a collective good that belongs to everyone and should benefit everyone if used to its full capacity.
Collective Goods –. A public commodity that belongs to everyone, but you have to pay for it. It benefits all, yet no one can own it. e.g. water
If the A. C. were used to its full capacity, and the outlying communities and cities were retrofitted by Redevelopment then the communities that are being directly impacted can stand to benefit more equitably from it.
Redevelopment Areas/Target Areas (RDA) [Tax Increment and Financing] – Special districts are created within a city for improvement or redevelopment. Usually lots of businesses are built in this area, but 20% of it must be used for housing. Growth in this area remains there (property tax revenue), but sales tax is returned to the City. This is way Cities can generate revenue from property tax because they bond against it.
(pictures)
—————— next slide
CHART : Player Motivation Action/History
Government – Pro Corridor : Infrastructure building for a better economy, port growth. 1.3 Trillion in economic impacts to the region. less traffic.
Fed, State, L.A./L.B. City, County, Ports, ACTA Board. Leadership and passage of project. Obtained financing creatively. Prime example of intergovernmental collaboration.
Government – Con Corridor: Want more financial support, environmental impact. Note: concerns were about the impact of the trucking through their cities and the added expenses on the cost of road rehabilitation.
Cities of Vernon, H.P., Lynwood, Compton. Suit against the Board and won 1.2 million dollars for job training and graffiti removal.
Corporation – Pro Corridor: Better, cheaper, Faster option to getting to distribution points in and through California.
BNSF/Union Pacific; Walmart, etc. Sold right of way privileges to ACTA Board to develop the combination of several rail lines. Eased the wheels of project.
Corporation – Con Corridor. No opposition?? Perhaps only from the Truckers and companies that operate truck distribution / logistics. No actions that were outright conveyed through research.
People – Pro Corridor: Jobs, less traffic, safety, long-term environmental impact.
People – Con Corridor: Short term Environmental impact of project construction, cost to taxpayers. Note: the concerns of community advocates (CBE) surround the larger impacts of large-scale trade to the local region, advocating for more redevelopment that benefits the local communities in terms of localized jobs, healthier environments, and infused capital for small business loans and infrastructure improvement.
__________________________ next slide
Conclusion: As stated in our earlier lectures, the average person has very little effect on the budgets spent by government. However, we can effect policy to make better choices. The moral of the story is that the A. C. is definitely an example of good public spending, but that it could also be made more effective if it was more efficiently utilized. Some solutions could include policies made by the Port, City, County, State or Federal transportation departments as well as Train and Truck transportation companies to
* incentivize the use of the Corridor over trucking.
* incorporate better particulate screening devices on trucks.
* speed up the production of hybrid or electric trains
Here is D. with more about the externalities of the A. C. project and other incentives for its use.
————- next slide